Phase separation and inheritance of repressive chromatin domains.
Akilli N, Cheutin T, Cavalli G
The genome is more than a linear string of genes. It has secondary, tertiary and quaternary higher-order structures. Strings of genes organize in chromosomal domains that are characterized by one of relatively few different types of chromatin, either repressive or activating. In the 3D space, each of the elements in one domain makes frequent contacts with other elements in the same domain. These entities have been called physical- or topologically associated- domains (TADs).
At a chromosome level, individual TADs form contacts with other TADs, preferentially of the same type, in order to build ordered 3D architectures that are called chromosome territories. Finally, different chromosomes organize non randomly in the nuclear space.
Therefore, the eukaryotic genome is highly organized in 3D and this regulation can be transmitted or modulated during the life of cells and organisms.
This sophisticated chromosomal choreography involves thousands of different players – DNA sequences, RNAs and proteins – but rather than combining in infinite numbers of ways, these components organize a relatively limited number of types of chromatin, either active or repressive. In particular, two main groups of genome regulatory components are proteins of the Polycomb Group (PcG) and of the trithorax Group (trxG). PcG proteins are maintain the memory of silent states of gene expression through cell physiology and multiple cell divisions, while trxG members maintain active chromatin states
These proteins are able to recognize regulatory states of their target genes and to maintain these states even after disappearance of the primary transcriptional regulators that have induced them in the first place. Remarkably, these states can also be transmitted to a fraction of the progeny over multiple generations. In our lab, we aim at understanding the principle governing 3D genome organization, its functional implications, and the molecular mechanisms by which PcG and trxG proteins regulate their target genes, convey inheritance of chromatin states and orchestrate development.
To reach this goal, we employ a variety of complementary approaches and techniques in the areas of molecular, cellular and developmental biology, genomics and bioinformatics.
Akilli N, Cheutin T, Cavalli G
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Maintenance of genome integrity during DNA replication
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11) Cavalli, G., and Paro, R.
Defended by Quentin Szabo on 27/11/2019 under the supervision of Frédéric Bantignies and Giacomo Cavalli
Defended by Vincent Loubière on 16/11/2018 under the supervision of Anne/Marie Martinez and Giacomo Cavalli
by Marianne Entrevan on 29/09/2017 under the supervision of Giacomo Cavalli and Bernd Schuttengruber
Defended by Filippo Ciabrelli on 16/12/2015 under the supervision of Giacomo Cavalli
Defended by Yuk Kwong Yung on 09/02/2015 under the supervision of Giacomo Cavalli
Anna Delest, 30/11/2012
Soutenue par Samy Sakr le 24/10/2011
Benjamin Leblanc, 23/06/2011
Bernd Stadelmayer 28/10/2010
Virginie Roure 10/12/2008
Itys Comet 20/11/2007
Nicolas Nègre 28/11/2005
Jérôme Déjardin 27/05/2004