Research teams

Genetics, cell biology and development department

Development of pathology of the gonad

Francis Poulat
CRHC, INSERM

In mammals, the chromosomal sex (XX or XY) is established at fertilization. However, the undifferentiated embryonic gonad, or genital crest, remains bipotential until the stage of gonadal determination, at which point it differentiates into either an ovary or a testis.
This event occurs at approximately eleven days of embryonic life in mice and at approximately five weeks of gestation in humans.

The choice between the testicular and ovarian pathways is made in undifferentiated precursors of the genital crest, which differentiate into supporting cells: the testicular Sertoli cells or the ovarian pre-granulosa cells.
In XY gonads, the expression of SRY, which is carried by the Y chromosome, activates the SOX9 gene, which controls Sertoli cell differentiation.

In XX gonads, the -KTS splice variant of WT1 associated with the WNT4/RSPO1 pathway leads to expression of the transcription factor FOXL2, which controls pre-granulosa cell differentiation.
Following their determination, the supporting cells orchestrate the development of the gonads, resulting in functional organs that produce sex hormones and gametes after puberty. Any disruption to these processes can result in disorders of sexual development, often associated with infertility, which can in turn lead to complete sex reversal.

Furthermore, supporting cells play a crucial role in maintaining the sexual identity of adult gonads. Our recent research has revealed that targeted deletion of the Trim28 gene in ovarian somatic cells induces their post-natal reprogramming into testicular cells. The process entails the trans-differentiation of granulosa cells into Sertoli cells, which ultimately leads to postnatal gonadal sex reversal.

In addition to studying testicular and ovarian determination processes, our group uses murine genetics to elucidate the mechanisms of differentiation and maintenance of the adult sexual phenotype. To this end, we use histological, transcriptomic, genomic and biochemical approaches to study our mouse models.

Deciphering the role of the heterochromatin mark H3K9me3 in mammalian testicular determination
In mammals, the embryonic bipotential gonad can develop either as a testis or an ovary in XY and XX embryos respectively and depends on antagonistic pro-testis and pro-ovarian pathways. Testis development is initiated by the expression of the SRY gene carried by the Y chromosome, that in turn induces the expression of the master transcription factor SOX9 leading to the differentiation of Sertoli cells. These supporting cells produce crucial factors that further orchestrate testis morphogenesis and differentiation. If the “pro-testicular” effects of SRY and SOX9 transcription factors are well documented, little is known about how the ovarian program is repressed during testis development. This is an important issue as the abnormal activation of the female program in XY individuals can lead to sex reversal, one type of disorders of sexual development (DSD). A genetic diagnosis is achieved in only 40% of human DSD patients analyzed by exome sequencing, indicating that additional levels of regulation control gonadal development.

We have recently discovered that sex-determination induces a strong sexual dimorphism for the tri-methylation on the lysine 9 of the histone H3, a marker of heterochromatin regions in mice. While being maintained in testis supporting cells, the repressive mark H3K9me3 is strongly reduced in their female counterpart, the granulosa cells. We hypothesize that an unexpected level of genomic regulation involving heterochromatin and H3K9me3 deposition contributes to sex-determination through the lock-down of the female genes in the testis. Moreover, as H3K9me3 is an important component of DNA repeats, a sexual dimorphism might exist at the level of the repetitive fraction of the genome composing crucial chromosomal structures such as the telomeric and pericentromeric regions.

For the present project we have defined several objectives that propose to investigate:

  • The role of heterochromatin on sex determination through the study of multiple sex-reversed mutants and the role of the histone methylase SETDB1 as a central actor of male-specific heterochromatin.
  • Using genomic profiling by the CUT&RUN technique on purified Sertoli or granulosa cells, we will test a model where SOX9 would induce the redeployment of SETDB1 and thus of H3K9me3 on chromatin via their common partner TRIM28. In addition, we will analyse the histone marks associated with transcriptional activation or repression.

This project will unravel a new level of regulation of gonadal sex-determination. It will determine whether male-specific heterochromatin formation is a cause or a consequence of sex determination. Moreover, it will provide new perspectives for the analysis of unresolved DSD patients in human. Insights we gain from this project might also help explaining the differences of some disease incidences between man and woman.

Roles of Trim28, a Sox9 partner, in sexual differentiation
Using a genetic approach in mice, we are currently investigating the role of Trim28 in embryonic and adult supporting cell lineages.

Since complete knockout is lethal in early embryonic stages, we have used a conditional “floxed” allele associated with Sf1-Cre or Wt1-CreERT2 to inactivate Trim28 in granulosa and Sertoli cells at different stages of development and after birth.

Transcriptomic, ChIP-seq, and in vitro approaches are also being used to decipher the role of Trim28 in maintaining ovarian identity and in sexual differentiation.

Team leader
Francis
Poulat
CRHC, INSERM
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Researchers
Florence
Cammas
CRHC, CNRS
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Technicians and engineers
Stephanie
Dejardin
IECN, CNRS
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Postdoctoral researchers and doctoral students
Laura
Sitkiewicz
Doctorant(e), CNRS
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Isabelle
Stévant
Chercheur CDD, CNRS
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  • Abberbock, E., Ridnik, M., Stevant, I., Weiss, R., Bamberger, C., Ziv Lhermann, S., Lubman, M., Yao, Y.M., Afek, A., Poulat, F., and Gonen, N. (2026). A single-nucleotide enhancer mutation overrides chromosomal sex to drive XX male development. Nat Commun. Doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-71328-9.
  • Stévant, I., Gonen, N., and Poulat, F. (2024). Transposable elements acquire time- and sex-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures along mouse fetal gonad development. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 11, 1327410. Doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1327410.
  • Ridnik, M., Abberbock, E., Alipov, V., Lhermann, S.Z., Kaufman, S., Lubman, M., Poulat, F., and Gonen, N. (2024). Two redundant transcription factor binding sites in a single enhancer are essential for mammalian sex determination. Nucleic Acids Res 52, 5514–5528. Doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae178.
  • Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Déjardin, S., Girard, M., Durix, Q., Poulat, F., and Philibert, P. (2024). Adenomyotic Lesions Are Induced in the Mouse Uterus after Exposure to NSAID and EE2 Mixtures at Environmental Doses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25. Doi: 10.3390/ijms25042003.
  • Philibert, P., Stévant, I., Déjardin, S., Girard, M., Sellem, E., Durix, Q., Messager, A., Gonzalez, A.-A., Mialhe, X., Pruvost, A., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2023). Intergenerational effects on fertility in male and female mice after chronic exposure to environmental doses of NSAIDs and 17α-ethinylestradiol mixtures. Food and Chemical Toxicology 182, 114085. Doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114085.
  • Philibert, P., Dejardin, S., Girard, M., Durix, Q., Gonzalez, A.A., Mialhe, X., Tardat, M., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2023). Cocktails of NSAIDs and 17alpha Ethinylestradiol at Environmentally Relevant Doses in Drinking Water Alter Puberty Onset in Mice Intergenerationally. Int J Mol Sci 24. Doi: 10.3390/ijms24065890.
  • Dujardin, E., Andre, M., Dewaele, A., Mandon-Pepin, B., Poulat, F., Frambourg, A., Thepot, D., Jouneau, L., Jolivet, G., Pailhoux, E., and Pannetier, M. (2023). DMRT1 is a testis-determining gene in rabbits and is also essential for female fertility. eLife 12. Doi: 10.7554/eLife.89284.
  • Rossitto, M., Dejardin, S., Rands, C.M., Le Gras, S., Migale, R., Rafiee, M.R., Neirijnck, Y., Pruvost, A., Nguyen, A.L., Bossis, G., Cammas, F., Le Gallic, L., Wilhelm, D., Lovell-Badge, R., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Nef, S., and Poulat, F. (2022). TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from activation of the testicular pathway. Nat Commun 13, 4412. Doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32061-1.
  • Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Dejardin, S., Rossitto, M., Poulat, F., and Philibert, P. (2022). Using Experimental Models to Decipher the Effects of Acetaminophen and NSAIDs on Reproductive Development and Health. Front Toxicol 4, 835360. Doi: 10.3389/ftox.2022.835360.
  • Poulat, F., and Gonen, N. (2021). Preface to the Special Issue on The Non-Coding Genome in Sex Determination. Sex Dev 15, 293–294. Doi: 10.1159/000520367.
  • Poulat, F. (2021). Non-Coding Genome, Transcription Factors, and Sex Determination. Sex Dev, 1–13. Doi: 10.1159/000519725.
  • Philibert, P., Dejardin, S., Pirot, N., Pruvost, A., Nguyen, A.L., Bernex, F., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2021). In the mouse, prostaglandin D2 signalling protects the endometrium against adenomyosis. Mol Hum Reprod 27. Doi: 10.1093/molehr/gaab029.
  • Rossitto, M., Ollivier, M., Déjardin, S., Pruvost, A., Brun, C., Marchive, C., Nguyen, A.L., Ghettas, A., Keime, C., de Massy, B., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2019). In utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen leads to intergenerational accelerated reproductive aging in female mice. Communications Biology 2, 310. Doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0552-x.
  • Rossitto, M., Marchive, C., Pruvost, A., Sellem, E., Ghettas, A., Badiou, S., Sutra, T., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2019). Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen. FASEB J 33, 339–357. Doi: 10.1096/fj.201800488RRR.
  • Sreenivasan, R., Ludbrook, L., Fisher, B., Declosmenil, F., Knower, K.C., Croft, B., Bird, A.D., Ryan, J., Bashamboo, A., Sinclair, A.H., Koopman, P., McElreavey, K., Poulat, F., and Harley, V.R. (2018). Mutant NR5A1/SF-1 in patients with disorders of sex development shows defective activation of theSOX9TESCO enhancer. Human Mutation 39, 1861–1874. Doi: 10.1002/humu.23603.
  • Penrad-Mobayed, M., Perrin, C., L’Hote, D., Contremoulins, V., Lepesant, J.A., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Poulat, F., Baudin, X., and Veitia, R.A. (2018). A role for SOX9 in post-transcriptional processes: insights from the amphibian oocyte. Scientific reports 8, 7191. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25356-1.
  • Gonen, N., Futtner, C.R., Wood, S., Garcia-Moreno, S.A., Salamone, I.M., Samson, S.C., Sekido, R., Poulat, F., Maatouk, D.M., and Lovell-Badge, R. (2018). Sex reversal following deletion of a single distal enhancer of Sox9. Science 360, 1469–1473. Doi: 10.1126/science.aas9408.
  • Tajouri, A., Ben Gaied, D., Hizem, S., Boujelben, S., Maazoul, F., M’Rad, R., Poulat, F., and Kharrat, M. (2017). Functional Analysis of Mutations at Codon 127 of the SRY Gene Associated with 46,XY Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis. Sex Dev 11, 203–209. Doi: 10.1159/000478718.
  • Rahmoun, M., Lavery, R., Laurent-Chaballier, S., Bellora, N., Philip, G.K., Rossitto, M., Symon, A., Pailhoux, E., Cammas, F., Chung, J., Bagheri-Fam, S., Murphy, M., Bardwell, V., Zarkower, D., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Clair, P., Harley, V.R., and Poulat, F. (2017). In mammalian foetal testes, SOX9 regulates expression of its target genes by binding to genomic regions with conserved signatures. Nucleic Acids Res 45, 7191–7211. Doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx328.
  • Bashamboo, A., Donohoue, P.A., Vilain, E., Rojo, S., Calvel, P., Seneviratne, S.N., Buonocore, F., Barseghyan, H., Bingham, N., Rosenfeld, J.A., Mulukutla, S.N., Jain, M., Burrage, L., Dhar, S., Balasubramanyam, A., Lee, B., Members of, U.D.N., Dumargne, M.C., Eozenou, C., Suntharalingham, J.P., de Silva, K., Lin, L., Bignon-Topalovic, J., Poulat, F., Lagos, C.F., McElreavey, K., and Achermann, J.C. (2016). A recurrent p.Arg92Trp variant in steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) can act as a molecular switch in human sex development. Hum Mol Genet 25, 3446–3453. Doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddw186.
  • Rossitto, M., Ujjan, S., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2015). Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction. Reproduction 149, R49–58. Doi: 10.1530/REP-14-0381.
  • Rossitto, M., Philibert, P., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2015). Molecular events and signalling pathways of male germ cell differentiation in mouse. Semin Cell Dev Biol 45, 84–93. Doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.014.
  • Rahmoun, M., Perez, J., Saunders, P.A., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Wilhelm, D., Poulat, F., and Veyrunes, F. (2014). Anatomical and Molecular Analyses of XY Ovaries from the African Pygmy Mouse Mus minutoides. Sex Dev 8, 356–363. Doi: 10.1159/000368664.
  • Moniot, B., Ujjan, S., Champagne, J., Hirai, H., Aritake, K., Nagata, K., Dubois, E., Nidelet, S., Nakamura, M., Urade, Y., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2014). Prostaglandin D2 acts through the Dp2 receptor to influence male germ cell differentiation in the foetal mouse testis. Development 141, 3561–3571. Doi: 10.1242/dev.103408.
  • Philibert, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Bashamboo, A., Paris, F., Aritake, K., Urade, Y., Leger, J., Sultan, C., and Poulat, F. (2013). Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds. Hum Mutat 34, 278–282. Doi: 10.1002/humu.22231.
  • Sim, H., Argentaro, A., Czech, D.P., Bagheri-Fam, S., Sinclair, A.H., Koopman, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Poulat, F., and Harley, V.R. (2011). Inhibition of SRY-calmodulin complex formation induces ectopic expression of ovarian cell markers in developing XY gonads. Endocrinology 152, 2883–2893. Doi: 10.1210/en.2010-1475.
  • Philibert, P., Paris, F., Audran, F., Kalfa, N., Polak, M., Thibaud, E., Pinto, G., Houang, M., Zenaty, D., Leger, J., Mas, J.C., Pienkowski, C., Einaudi, S., Damiani, D., Ten, S., Sinha, S., Poulat, F., and Sultan, C. (2011). Phenotypic Variation of SF1 Gene Mutations. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 707, 67–72. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8002-1_16.
  • Paris, F., De Ferran, K., Bhangoo, A., Ten, S., Lahlou, N., Audran, F., Servant, N., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., and Sultan, C. (2011). Isolated ‘idiopathic’ micropenis: hidden genetic defects? International journal of andrology. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01135.x.
  • Moniot, B., Farhat, A., Aritake, K., Declosmenil, F., Nef, S., Eguchi, N., Urade, Y., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2011). Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-Pgds) is expressed in the early embryonic gonad and participates to the initial nuclear translocation of the SOX9 protein. Dev Dyn 240, 2335–2343. Doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22726.
  • Farhat, A., Philibert, P., Sultan, C., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2011). Hematopoietic-Prostaglandin D2 synthase through PGD2 production is involved in the adult ovarian physiology. J Ovarian Res 4, 3. Doi: 10.1186/1757-2215-4-3.
  • Abdel-Samad, R., Zalzali, H., Rammah, C., Giraud, J., Naudin, C., Dupasquier, S., Poulat, F., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Lumbroso, S., Mouzat, K., Bonnans, C., Pignodel, C., Raynaud, P., Fort, P., Quittau-Prevostel, C., and Blache, P. (2011). MiniSOX9, a dominant-negative variant in colon cancer cells. Oncogene 30, 2493–2503. Doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.621.
  • Malki, S., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., and Poulat, F. (2010). Shuttling of SOX proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 42, 411–416. Doi: S1357-2725(09)00276-3 [pii] 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.020.
  • Moniot, B., Declosmenil, F., Barrionuevo, F., Scherer, G., Aritake, K., Malki, S., Marzi, L., Cohen-Solal, A., Georg, I., Klattig, J., Englert, C., Kim, Y., Capel, B., Eguchi, N., Urade, Y., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., and Poulat, F. (2009). The PGD2 pathway, independently of FGF9, amplifies SOX9 activity in Sertoli cells during male sexual differentiation. Development 136, 1813–1821. Doi: 10.1242/dev.032631.
  • Zalzali, H., Naudin, C., Bastide, P., Quittau-Prevostel, C., Yaghi, C., Poulat, F., Jay, P., and Blache, P. (2008). CEACAM1, a SOX9 direct transcriptional target identified in the colon epithelium. Oncogene 27, 7131–7138. Doi: onc2008331 [pii] 10.1038/onc.2008.331.
  • Moniot, B., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., and Poulat, F. (2008). Male specific expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (cPTGDS) during chicken gonadal differentiation: relationship with cSOX9. Sex Dev 2, 96–103. Doi: 10.1159/000129694.
  • Malki, S., Declosmenil, F., Farhat, A., Moniot, B., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2008). [Prostaglandin D2: new roles in the embryonic and pathological gonad]. Med Sci (Paris) 24, 177–183.
  • Manuylov, N.L., Fujiwara, Y., Adameyko, II, Poulat, F., and Tevosian, S.G. (2007). The regulation of Sox9 gene expression by the GATA4/FOG2 transcriptional complex in dominant XX sex reversal mouse models. Dev Biol 307, 356–367. Doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.04.040.
  • Malki, S., Bibeau, F., Notarnicola, C., Roques, S., Berta, P., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2007). Expression and biological role of the prostaglandin D synthase/SOX9 pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 255, 182–193. Doi: S0304-3835(07)00195-4 [pii] 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.04.007.
  • Notarnicola, C., Malki, S., Berta, P., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2006). Transient expression of SOX9 protein during follicular development in the adult mouse ovary. Gene Expr Patterns 6, 695–702.
  • Kim, Y., Kobayashi, A., Sekido, R., DiNapoli, L., Brennan, J., Chaboissier, M.C., Poulat, F., Behringer, R.R., Lovell-Badge, R., and Capel, B. (2006). Fgf9 and Wnt4 act as antagonistic signals to regulate mammalian sex determination. PLoS Biol 4, e187. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040187.
  • Charrasse, S., Comunale, F., Grumbach, Y., Poulat, F., Blangy, A., and Gauthier-Rouviere, C. (2006). RhoA GTPase regulates M-cadherin activity and myoblast fusion. Mol Biol Cell 17, 749–759. Doi. 10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0284
  • Thevenet, L., Albrecht, K.H., Malki, S., Berta, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., and Poulat, F. (2005). NHERF2/SIP-1 interacts with mouse SRY via a different mechanism than human SRY. J Biol Chem 280, 38625–38630. Doi: 10.1074/jbc.M504127200.
  • Saffin, J.M., Venoux, M., Prigent, C., Espeut, J., Poulat, F., Giorgi, D., Abrieu, A., and Rouquier, S. (2005). ASAP, a human microtubule-associated protein required for bipolar spindle assembly and cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 11302–11307. Doi. 10.1073/pnas.0500964102
  • Malki, S., Nef, S., Notarnicola, C., Thevenet, L., Gasca, S., Mejean, C., Berta, P., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2005). Prostaglandin D2 induces nuclear import of the sex-determining factor SOX9 via its cAMP-PKA phosphorylation. EMBO J 24, 1798–1809. Doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600660.
  • Malki, S., Berta, P., Poulat, F., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2005). Cytoplasmic retention of the sex-determining factor SOX9 via the microtubule network. Exp Cell Res 309, 468–475. Doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.005.
  • Thevenet, L., Mejean, C., Moniot, B., Bonneaud, N., Galeotti, N., Aldrian-Herrada, G., Poulat, F., Berta, P., Benkirane, M., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2004). Regulation of human SRY subcellular distribution by its acetylation/deacetylation. EMBO J 23, 3336–3345. Doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600352.
  • Gasca, S., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Poulat, F., and Berta, P. (2003). Sex determination in mammals: a traffic update? Med Sci (Paris) 19, 25–26. Doi. 10.1051/medsci/200319125
  • Zhou, R., Bonneaud, N., Yuan, C.X., de Santa Barbara, P., Boizet, B., Schomber, T., Scherer, G., Roeder, R.G., Poulat, F., and Berta, P. (2002). SOX9 interacts with a component of the human thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein complex. Nucleic Acids Res 30, 3245–3252. Doi: 10.1093/nar/gkf443.
  • Gasca, S., Canizares, J., De Santa Barbara, P., Mejean, C., Poulat, F., Berta, P., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (2002). A nuclear export signal within the high mobility group domain regulates the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of SOX9 during sexual determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 11199–11204. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.172383099.
  • Ukiyama, E., Jancso-Radek, A., Li, B., Milos, L., Zhang, W., Phillips, N.B., Morikawa, N., King, C.Y., Chan, G., Haqq, C.M., Radek, J.T., Poulat, F., Donahoe, P.K., and Weiss, M.A. (2001). SRYand architectural gene regulation: the kinetic stability of a bent protein-DNA complex can regulate its transcriptional potency. Mol Endocrinol 15, 363–377. Doi: 10.1210/mend.15.3.0621.
  • Takash, W., Canizares, J., Bonneaud, N., Poulat, F., Mattei, M.G., Jay, P., and Berta, P. (2001). SOX7 transcription factor: sequence, chromosomal localisation, expression, transactivation and interference with Wnt signalling. Nucleic Acids Res 29, 4274–4283. Doi. 10.1093/nar/29.21.4274
  • Pfeifer, D., Poulat, F., Holinski-Feder, E., Kooy, F., and Scherer, G. (2000). The SOX8 gene is located within 700 kb of the tip of chromosome 16p and is deleted in a patient with ATR-16 syndrome. Genomics 63, 108–116. Doi: 10.1006/geno.1999.6060.
  • Moniot, B., Berta, P., Scherer, G., Sudbeck, P., and Poulat, F. (2000). Male specific expression suggests role of DMRT1 in human sex determination. Mech Dev 91, 323–325. Doi: 10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00267-1.
  • de Santa Barbara, P., Moniot, B., Poulat, F., and Berta, P. (2000). Expression and subcellular localization of SF-1, SOX9, WT1, and AMH proteins during early human testicular development. Dev Dyn 217, 293–298. Doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(200003)217:3<293::AID-DVDY7>3.0.CO;2-P.
  • Soullier, S., Jay, P., Poulat, F., Vanacker, J.M., Berta, P., and Laudet, V. (1999). Diversification pattern of the HMG and SOX family members during evolution. J Mol Evol 48, 517–527. Doi: 10.1007/pl00006495.
  • Berta, P., de Santa Barbara, P., Boizet, B., Bonneaud, N., Moniot, B., and Poulat, F. (1999). [Sex determination in mammals: state of the art]. Contracept Fertil Sex 27, 423–433. PMID: 10431448
  • Poulat, F., Desclozeaux, M., Tuffery, S., Jay, P., Boizet, B., and Berta, P. (1998). Mutation in the 5′ noncoding region of the SRY gene in an XY sex-reversed patient. Hum Mutat Suppl 1, S192–194. Doi: 10.1002/humu.1380110162.
  • Poulat, F., Desclozeaux, M., de Santa Barbara, P., Capony, J.P., Turowski, P., Jay, P., Mejean, C., Moniot, B., Boizet, B., and Berta, P. (1998). Phosphorylation of an N-terminal motif enhances DNA-binding activity of the human SRY protein. J Biol Chem 273, 7988–7995. Doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.14.7988.
  • Klamt, B., Koziell, A., Poulat, F., Wieacker, P., Scambler, P., Berta, P., and Gessler, M. (1998). Frasier syndrome is caused by defective alternative splicing of WT1 leading to an altered ratio of WT1 +/-KTS splice isoforms. Hum Mol Genet 7, 709–714. Doi: 10.1093/hmg/7.4.709.
  • Desclozeaux, M., Poulat, F., de Santa Barbara, P., Soullier, S., Jay, P., Berta, P., and Boizet-Bonhoure, B. (1998). Characterization of two Sp1 binding sites of the human sex determining SRY promoter. Biochim Biophys Acta 1397, 247–252. Doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00041-4.
  • de Santa Barbara, P., Moniot, B., Poulat, F., Boizet, B., and Berta, P. (1998). Steroidogenic factor-1 regulates transcription of the human anti-mullerian hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 273, 29654–29660. Doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.45.29654.
  • De Santa Barbara, P., Bonneaud, N., Boizet, B., Desclozeaux, M., Moniot, B., Sudbeck, P., Scherer, G., Poulat, F., and Berta, P. (1998). Direct interaction of SRY-related protein SOX9 and steroidogenic factor 1 regulates transcription of the human anti-Mullerian hormone gene. Mol Cell Biol 18, 6653–6665. Doi: 10.1128/MCB.18.11.6653.
  • Poulat, F., de Santa Barbara, P., Desclozeaux, M., Soullier, S., Moniot, B., Bonneaud, N., Boizet, B., and Berta, P. (1997). The human testis determining factor SRY binds a nuclear factor containing PDZ protein interaction domains. J Biol Chem 272, 7167–7172. Doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.11.7167.
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